tomcat_charset.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="EUC-JP"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="ja" lang="ja">
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<p class="dig1"><span class="title1">TomcatでUTF-8/EUC-JPを使う</span></p>
<p class="dig1">
[<a href="/web/20181003202907/http://www.nina.jp/server/index-slackware.html">サーバの実験室 Slackware</a>]
</p>
<p class="right">
作成 : 2004/12/31
</p>
<form action="/web/20181003202907/http://www.nina.jp/namazu/namazu.cgi" method="get">
<p class="right">
"サーバの実験室"の検索
<input type="text" name="query" size="25" value=""/>
<input type="submit" value="検索"/>
<input type="reset" value="クリア"/>
</p>
</form>
<hr/>
<p class="dig2">
Tomcatから返されるキャラクタセットの情報は、<span class="bold">httpd.conf</span>のルートで指定したAddDefaultCharsetの値と同じになるらしい。
Directoryディレクティブの中で指定したAddDefaultCharsetは無視されるっぽい。
ついでに、metaタグも無視されるみたい。
<span class="blue">（<---このへん、後述のSetCharacterEncodingFilterがちゃんと動作しないこともあり、自信なし...）</span>
</p>
<p class="dig2">
うちのWEBサーバはルートのAddDefaultCharsetでEUC-JP指定をしており、コンテキストパス以下はUTF-8にしたいので、なんらかの対策をしないと文字化けしてしまう。
</p>
<p class="dig1"><span class="title2">サーブレットの場合</span></p>
<p class="dig2">
<span class="bold">response.setContentType</span>でキャラクタセットを指定する。
EUC-JPを使用するなら、response.setContentType("text/html; <span class="bold">charset=EUC-JP</span>")。
UTF-8を使用するなら、response.setContentType("text/html; <span class="bold">charset=UTF-8</span>")。
</p>
<pre class="dig3 text">
# HelloWorld.java
import java.io.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
<span class="red">response.setContentType("text/html; charset=EUC-JP");</span>
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>HelloWorld</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<p>");
out.println("こんにちは世界");
out.println("</p>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
}
</pre>
<p class="dig2">
JAVAはUTF-8で処理を行うので、それ以外のEUC-JPなどを使用する場合は、コンパイルするときに<span class="bold">-encoding</span>をつけること。
</p>
<pre class="dig3 shell">
# <span class="bold">javac <span class="red">-encoding EUC-JP</span> -classpath .:$CATALINA_HOME/common/lib/servlet-api.jar HelloWorld.java</span>
</pre>
<p class="dig1"><span class="title2">JSPの場合</span></p>
<p class="dig2">
ディレクティブでキャラクタセットを指定する。
EUC-JPを使用するなら、<%@ page contentType="text/html; <span class="bold">charset=EUC-JP</span>" %>。
UTF-8を使用するなら、<%@ page contentType="text/html; <span class="bold">charset=UTF-8</span>" %>。
</p>
<pre class="dig3 text">
# hello.jsp
<span class="red"><%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=EUC-JP" %></span>
<html>
<head>
<title>HelloWorld</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<%
out.println("こんにちは世界");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>
</pre>
<p class="dig1"><span class="title2">静的コンテンツ（HTML）の場合</span></p>
<p class="dig2">
<span class="bold">workers2.propeties</span>ファイルで、コンテキストパス以下のすべてのファイルをTomcatに渡すよう設定している場合、静的コンテンツについてもこのページの先頭に書いたようなキャラクタセット情報が返される。
HTMLのmetaタグでcharsetを指定しても無視されるので、ドキュメントルートとコンテキストパスで異なるキャラクタセットを使用したいときは注意が必要。
</p>
<pre class="dig3 text">
# workers2.properties
[uri:/hoge/*] <span class="blue"><---すべてのファイルをTomcatに処理させる</span>
</pre>
<p class="dig2">
通常は<span class="bold">SetCharacterEncodingFilter</span>を利用するのが常套手段のようだが、どうやってもcharsetを返してくれない。
しかたないので、<span class="bold">web.xml</span>の<span class="bold"><mime-mapping></span>でcharsetと拡張子の関連付けを指定した。
</p>
<pre class="dig3 text">
<!--（コンテキストパス）/WEB-INF/web.xml-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<span class="red"> <mime-mapping>
<extension>html</extension>
<mime-type>text/html; charset=UTF-8</mime-type>
</mime-mapping></span>
</web-app>
</pre>
<p class="dig2">
いちおう、<span class="bold">SetCharacterEncodingFilter</span>を利用する方法を書いておくと、$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/jsp-examples/WEB-INF/classes/filtersディレクトリにある<span class="bold">SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java</span>をコンパイルして、
</p>
<pre class="dig3 shell">
# <span class="bold">cd $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/jsp-examples/WEB-INF/classes</span>
# <span class="bold">javac -classpath .:$CATALINA_HOME/common/lib/servlet-api.jar filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java</span>
</pre>
<p class="dig2">
生成されたクラスファイルを<span class="bold">（コンテキストパス）/WEB-INF/classes/filters</span>ディレクトリにコピーして、<span class="bold">（コンテキストパス）/WEB-INF/web.xml</span>にフィルタの設定を記述するだけらしい。
</p>
<pre class="dig3 text">
<!--（コンテキストパス）/WEB-INF/web.xml-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<span class="red"><filter>
<filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping></span>
</web-app>
</pre>
<p class="dig2">
うむむ...
</p>
<hr/>
<p class="dig1">
[<a href="/web/20181003202907/http://www.nina.jp/server/index-slackware.html">サーバの実験室 Slackware</a>]
</p>
</body>
</html>
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